Insecticide (Acaricide)
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ( Acaricides) kwakhala kukuchepera chaka ndi chaka kwa zaka 10 zapitazi, ndipo kupitirirabe kutsika mu 2022. Ndi chiletso chonse cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo 10 omaliza m'mayiko ambiri, m'malo mwa mankhwala oopsa kwambiri adzawonjezeka. ;Ndi kumasula pang'onopang'ono kwa mbewu zosinthidwa, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kudzachepetsedwa, koma m'mawu ena, palibe malo ochulukirapo ochepetsanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Gulu la Organophosphate:Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kawopsedwe komanso kutsika kochepa kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo amtunduwu, kufunikira kwa msika kwatsika, makamaka ndi kuletsa kwathunthu kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo oopsa, kuchulukaku kutsikanso.
Carbamates kalasi:Mankhwala ophera tizilombo a Carbamate ali ndi mawonekedwe osankha mwamphamvu, kuchita bwino kwambiri, mawonekedwe otakata, kawopsedwe kochepa kwa anthu ndi nyama, kuwola kosavuta komanso kawopsedwe kakang'ono kotsalira, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri paulimi.Mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi: Indoxacarb, Isoprocarb, ndi Carbosulfan.
Indoxacarb ili ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yophera tizilombo polimbana ndi tizirombo ta lepidopteran, imatha kuthana ndi tizirombo tosiyanasiyana m'mbewu zosiyanasiyana monga mbewu, zipatso, ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ndipo ndi yosamalira zachilengedwe, ndipo kufunikira kukukulirakulira.
Gulu la Synthetic Pyrethroids:Kuchepa kwa chaka chatha.Beta-cyhalothrin, Lambda-cyhalothrin, ndi Bifenthrin azitenga gawo lalikulu pamsika.
Gulu la Neonicotinoids:Kuwonjezeka kuchokera chaka chatha.Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Thiamethoxam ndi Nitenpyram adzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu, pamene Thiacloprid, Clothianidin ndi Dinotefuran zidzawonjezeka kwambiri.
Gulu la Bisamide:Kuwonjezeka poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha.Chlorantraniliprole imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika, ndipo cyantraniliprole ikuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka.
Mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo:Kufuna kwawonjezeka poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha.Monga Pymetrozine, Monosultap, Abamectin, etc. adzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu.
Acaricides:Kuchepa poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha.Pakati pawo, kusakaniza kwa laimu sulfure, Propargite, Pyridaben, Spirotetramat, Bifenazate ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Fungicide
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa fungicides kukuyembekezeka kukwera mu 2022.
Mitundu yomwe ili ndi mlingo wokulirapo ndi:Mancozeb, Carbendazim, Thiophanate-methyl, Tricyclazole, Chlorothalonil,
Tebuconazole, Isoprothiolane, Prochloraz, Triazolone, Validamycin, Copper hydroxide, Difenoconazole, Pyraclostrobin, Propiconazole, Metalaxyl, Azoxystrobin, Dimethomorph, bacillus subtilis, Procymidone, Hexaconazole, propamocarb hydrochlorb.
Mitundu yowonjezereka yoposa 10% ndi (yotsika): Bacillus subtilis, Oxalaxyl, Pyraclostrobin, Azoxystrobin, Hosethyl-aluminium, Diconazole, Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Triadimenol, Isoprothiolane, Prochloraz, ndi zina zotero.
Mankhwala a herbicide
Mankhwala ophera udzu akhala akuchulukirachulukira kwa zaka 10 zapitazi, makamaka udzu wosamva.
Mitundu yokhala ndi matani opitilira 2,000 ndi (motsika): Glyphosate (mchere wa ammonium, mchere wa sodium, mchere wa potaziyamu), Acetochlor, Atrazine, Glufosinate-ammonium, Butachlor, Bentazone, Metolachlor, 2,4D, Pretilachlor.
Mankhwala osasankha herbicides:Paraquat italetsedwa, mankhwala a herbicide a Diquat atsopano akhala akutentha kwambiri chifukwa cha liwiro lake lopalira komanso kuchuluka kwa herbicidal, makamaka kwa namsongole wosamva Glyphosate ndi Paraquat.
Glufosinate-ammonium:Kuvomerezedwa kwa alimi kukukulirakulira, ndipo mlingo ukuwonjezeka.
Mankhwala atsopano osamva mankhwala azitsamba:kugwiritsa ntchito Halauxifen-methyl, Quintrione, etc. kwawonjezeka.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-23-2022
